Safety data sheet for Tetrahydrofuran

CAS 109-99-9

This is the free preview of a draft SDS for Tetrahydrofuran — Sections 1, 2 and 9, generated from the sources named below. The full 16-section draft, with your own company in Section 1, is $5 per document.

Typically documented by: Laboratory solvent, polymer processing.

Draft safety data sheet — preview

Sections 1, 2, 9 of 16

CAS number: 109-99-9
Molecular formula: C4H8O
Molecular weight: 72.11 g/mol
Signal word: Danger

Hazard classification

GHS02 — Flammable
GHS07 — Health hazard — irritant

H225: Highly flammable liquid and vapor.
H302: Harmful if swallowed.
H319: Causes serious eye irritation.
H335: May cause respiratory irritation.
H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness.

Section 1 — Identification

1.1 Product identifier

Product identifier: Tetrahydrofuran

Chemical name (IUPAC): oxolane

CAS number: 109-99-9

PubChem CID reference: 8028

Synonyms: TETRAHYDROFURAN; Oxolane; Furanidine; Furan, tetrahydro-; Tetramethylene oxide; Hydrofuran; Oxacyclopentane; 1,4-Epoxybutane; Tetrahydrofuranne; Tetraidrofurano

Section 2 — Hazards Identification

2.1 Classification of the substance or mixture

Classification basis: OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1200 Appendix A, aligned to the GHS Rev. 7 hazard classes this sheet resolves: Flam. Liq. 2, Acute Tox. 4 (Oral), Eye Irrit. 2, STOT SE 3.

Classification: Flammable Liquid, Category 2 (Flam. Liq. 2) [H225]

Classification: Acute Toxicity, Category 4 — Oral (Acute Tox. 4 (Oral)) [H302]

Classification: Eye Irritation, Category 2 (Eye Irrit. 2) [H319]

Classification: Specific Target Organ Toxicity, Single Exposure, Category 3 (STOT SE 3) [H335]

Classification: Specific Target Organ Toxicity, Single Exposure, Category 3 (STOT SE 3) [H336]

2.2 Label elements

Signal word: Danger

GHS pictograms: GHS02 (Flammable), GHS07 (Exclamation)

Hazard statement: H225: Highly flammable liquid and vapor.

Hazard statement: H302: Harmful if swallowed.

Hazard statement: H319: Causes serious eye irritation.

Hazard statement: H335: May cause respiratory irritation.

Hazard statement: H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness.

Precautionary statement: P210: Keep away from heat, hot surfaces, sparks, open flames and other ignition sources. No smoking.

Precautionary statement: P264+P265: Wash hands thoroughly after handling. Do not touch eyes.

Precautionary statement: P280: Wear protective gloves, protective clothing, eye protection, face protection, and hearing protection.

Precautionary statement: P303+P361+P353: IF ON SKIN (or hair): Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water or shower.

Precautionary statement: P305+P351+P338: IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do - continue rinsing.

Precautionary statement: P304+P340: IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing.

Section 9 — Physical and Chemical Properties

9.1 Information on basic physical and chemical properties

Physical form: Liquid

Appearance: Colorless, mobile liquid

Odor: Ether-like odor

Boiling point: 65°C (149°F) at 1013 hPa

Melting point: -108.4°C (-163°F)

Flash point: -14.5°C (6°F) closed cup

Density: 0.8833 g/cm³ at 25°C

Vapor pressure: 152 hPa at 15°C

Water solubility: Miscible

Log Pow (log Kow): 0.46

Vapor density: 2.5 (air = 1)

Lower explosive limit: 2% (v/v in air)

Upper explosive limit: 11.8% (v/v in air)

Auto-ignition temperature: 321°C (610°F)

Viscosity: 0.53 cP at 20°C

pH: Not available

Occupational exposure limits for Tetrahydrofuran

The airborne limits on public record in the United States. These are transcribed from the tables named in each row, not derived. The full draft puts them in Section 8 with the control and PPE guidance.

OSHA PEL — TWA (8 h)

200 ppm (590 mg/m³)

OSHA Annotated PEL Table Z-1

NIOSH REL — TWA (up to 10 h)

200 ppm (590 mg/m³)

OSHA Annotated PEL Table Z-1 (NIOSH REL column)

NIOSH REL — STEL (15 min)

250 ppm

OSHA Annotated PEL Table Z-1 (NIOSH REL column)

Where each value came from

Odor — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB): NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards & Other Databases CD-ROM. Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Prevention & Control. National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2005-151 (2005); View the record
Boiling point — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB): Lide, D.R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 88th Edition 2007-2008. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL 2007, p. 3-474; View the record
Melting point — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB): Same reference as boiling point above.; View the record
Flash point — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB): American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Documentation of the TLV's and BEI's with Other World Wide Occupational Exposure Values. CD-ROM Cincinnati, OH 45240-4148 2010; View the record
Density — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB): Same reference as boiling point above.; View the record
Water solubility — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB): O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2006, p. 1585; View the record
Log Pow (log Kow) — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB): Hansch, C., Leo, A., D. Hoekman. Exploring QSAR - Hydrophobic, Electronic, and Steric Constants. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society., 1995, p. 9; View the record
Vapor density — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB): Lewis, R.J. Sr. (ed) Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 11th Edition. Wiley-Interscience, Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ. 2004, p. V3: 3396; View the record
Lower explosive limit — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB): Lewis, R.J. Sr. (ed) Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 11th Edition. Wiley-Interscience, Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ. 2004, p. 3396; View the record
Auto-ignition temperature — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB): National Fire Protection Association; Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 14th Edition, Quincy, MA 2010, p. 325-106; View the record
Viscosity — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB): Flick, E.W. (ed.). Industrial Solvents Handbook 4 th ed. Noyes Data Corporation., Park Ridge, NJ., 1991, p. 536; View the record

A value with no row here was assembled from more than one record, so no single record is credited for it. The draft you buy carries this table as an appendix covering all 16 sections.

Sources

ECHA C&L Inventory — harmonised CLP entry
Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
OSHA Annotated PEL Table Z-1
OSHA Annotated PEL Table Z-1 (NIOSH REL column)
PubChem — GHS classification
PubChem — compound record
PubChem — names and identifiers
PubChem — regulatory information
PubChem — toxicity data
PubChem — transport information

Sections 1.3 and 1.4 are withheld here because the supplier and emergency contact blocks carry your own company details in the draft you buy. Every draft needs review by a competent person before it is issued.

Measured values for Tetrahydrofuran, and where each one comes from

35 measured values for 12 properties, read from 4 public databases. On 5 properties the records differ. Each reading is shown with its own record. Follow any record to read the value at its source.

Boiling point

4 records, 65 to 66 °C

Used with vapour pressure to judge how readily the substance reaches the air you breathe.

65 °C: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
151 °F: NIOSH Pocket Guide
151 °F: OSHA Occupational Chemical Database
65 °C @760 [mm Hg]: PAC Chemical Database, U.S. Department of Energy

Melting point

4 records agree

Fixes the physical state at handling temperature, which the label and the transport class depend on.

-108.44 °C: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
-163 °F: NIOSH Pocket Guide
-163.3 °F: OSHA Occupational Chemical Database
-108.44 °C: PAC Chemical Database, U.S. Department of Energy

Flash point

3 records agree

The lowest temperature at which the liquid gives off enough vapour to ignite. It decides the GHS flammable liquid category.

6 °F (closed cup); -4 °F (open cup): Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
6 °F: NIOSH Pocket Guide
6 °F: OSHA Occupational Chemical Database

Auto-ignition temperature

1 record

The temperature at which the substance ignites with no spark or flame. It sets safe surface and process temperatures.

321 °C (610 °F): Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

Explosive limits

2 records differ

The vapour concentration range in air that will burn. Below the lower limit and above the upper limit it will not.

LEL: 1.8%; UEL: 11.8%: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Tetrahydrofuran (THF) vapor forms explosive mixtures with air at concentrations of 2 to 12% (by volume): Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

Vapour pressure

5 records differ

The higher it is, the faster the substance evaporates into the workplace air at room temperature.

Vapor pressure = 0.06 atm at 0 °C, 0.11 atm at 10 °C, 0.173 atm at 20 °C, 0.26 atm at 30 °C: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
1.62X10+2 mm Hg at 25 °C: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
132 mmHg: NIOSH Pocket Guide
132 mmHg: OSHA Occupational Chemical Database
75 [mm Hg] @9 °C: PAC Chemical Database, U.S. Department of Energy

Vapour density

2 records differ

Above 1 the vapour sinks and collects in pits, sumps and low enclosed spaces.

2.5 (Air = 1): Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
2.5: OSHA Occupational Chemical Database

Density

5 records differ

Needed to convert between mass and volume on the label, in transport papers and in a spill estimate.

0.8833 g/cu cm at 25 °C: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Saturated liquid density: 55.230 lb/cu ft; saturated vapor pressure: 2.913 lb/sq in; saturated vapor density: 0.03660 lb/cu ft (all at 75 °F): Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
0.89: NIOSH Pocket Guide
0.89: OSHA Occupational Chemical Database
0.8833 @25 °C: PAC Chemical Database, U.S. Department of Energy

Solubility

5 records, each a different case

Determines spill behaviour, the right extinguishing media and the correct first-aid rinse.

Miscible with alcohols, ketones, esters, hydrocarbons, and ethers: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Very soluble in acetone, benzene, ether, ethanol, and chloroform: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
30% IN WATER AT 25 °C: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Miscible in water at 25 °C: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Miscible: NIOSH Pocket Guide

Partition coefficient (log Kow)

1 record

Indicates whether the substance accumulates in fat or in water, which drives the environmental sections.

log Kow = 0.46: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

Viscosity

1 record

Governs how far a spill spreads and how fast it soaks into a surface or a sorbent.

0.53 cP at 20 °C: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

Odour

2 records, each a different case

Odour is a warning property only. Many substances are hazardous well below the concentration you can smell.

Ether-like odor: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
FAINT FRUITY ODOR: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

These are the public records read for Tetrahydrofuran, published here unchanged. Where two records disagree, the draft you buy states the value and names the record behind it, so a reviewer can see what was chosen. Every draft needs review by a competent person before it is issued.

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